The Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall, also known as the Reversing Falls, is a unique natural phenomenon located in Saint John, New Brunswick. This extraordinary spectacle occurs when the world’s highest tides in the Bay of Fundy collide with the Saint John River, creating a series of rapids, whirlpools, and a reversal of the river’s flow. The phenomenon is caused by the interaction between the bay’s massive tides and the river’s narrow gorge, resulting in a twice-daily reversal of the water’s direction.
What Causes the Bay of Fundy Reverse Waterfall?
The Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall is a result of the interplay between geological features and tidal forces. Here’s a breakdown of the key factors:
- Geological Formation: The falls are situated in a narrow gorge carved by the Saint John River through volcanic basaltic rock over millions of years.
- Tidal Range: The Bay of Fundy has the world’s highest tides, with a range of up to 17 meters (56 feet).
- River Flow: The Saint John River flows into the bay through the narrow gorge.
- Underwater Ledges: These contribute to the turbulent water flow and rapids observed at the site.
The combination of these factors creates the unique reversing flow phenomenon.
How Does the Tidal Cycle Affect the Reverse Waterfall?
The tidal cycle plays a crucial role in the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall. Here’s how it impacts the water flow:
- Low Tide:
- River flows downstream into the Bay of Fundy
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Creates rapids and whirlpools in the narrow gorge
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Slack Tide:
- Brief period (about 20 minutes) of calm water
- Forces of rising tide and river flow balance each other
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Only time boats can safely navigate the area
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High Tide:
- Bay of Fundy’s tide rises above the river level
- Reverses the flow of the river
- Creates standing waves and rapids
- Effect felt up to 128.7 km (80 miles) upstream
The tidal cycle repeats approximately every 12 hours and 25 minutes, with two high and two low tides each day.
Where Are the Best Viewing Points for the Reverse Waterfall?
Visitors can observe the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall from several vantage points:
- Reversing Falls Lookout Point:
- Located near the bridge in Fallsview Park
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Offers a close-up view of the rapids
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Wolastoq Park:
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Provides a bird’s-eye view of the falls
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Bridge Road Observation Deck:
- Situated above the Falls Restaurant and gift shop
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Offers a panoramic view of the rapids
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Harbour Passage Walkway:
- 4km path providing access to the site
- Offers various viewing points along the way
Each location provides a unique perspective on this natural wonder.
What Activities Are Available at the Bay of Fundy Reverse Waterfall?
Visitors can enjoy a range of activities at the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall:
- Guided Tours:
- Harbour boat tours for a closer look at the rapids
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Educational tours explaining the phenomenon
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Photography:
- Excellent opportunities from lookout points
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Best during dramatic tidal changes
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Whitewater Kayaking:
- For experienced kayakers only
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Unique experience with changing tides
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Visitor Centers:
- Falls Restaurant and gift shop
- Municipal visitor information center
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Provide information and interpretive panels
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Hiking:
- Harbour Passage walkway for scenic views
Note: Jet boat rides were discontinued in 2013.
When Is the Best Time to Visit the Bay of Fundy Reverse Waterfall?
The best times to witness the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall depend on the tidal schedule:
| Tidal Stage | Observation | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| High Tide | River flow reverses | Most dramatic rapids and whirlpools |
| Low Tide | River flows downstream | Turbulent rapids and whirlpools |
| Slack Tide | Calm water period | Boat navigation (less dramatic for viewing) |
Considerations for planning your visit:
- Tidal Schedule: Check local tide tables for precise timing
- Season: Phenomenon occurs year-round, but weather affects visibility
- Time of Day: Visit during daylight hours for best visibility
- Weather: Avoid strong winds or rough seas for safety
For the most dramatic views, aim to visit during high or low tide periods.
What Should Visitors Know About Accessibility and Facilities?
When planning a visit to the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall, consider the following:
- Parking:
- Available near viewing points
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Fallsview Park and Bridge Road location have parking areas
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Accessibility:
- Walkways and observation decks designed for visitor convenience
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Some areas may have stairs or uneven terrain
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Facilities:
- Visitor centers provide information and amenities
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Restrooms available at key locations
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Safety:
- Follow guidelines provided by local authorities
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Stay on designated paths and viewing areas
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Costs:
- Viewing the falls is generally free
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Some guided tours or activities may have fees
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Accommodations:
- Various hotels available in Saint John
- Costs vary depending on season and type of accommodation
By considering these factors, visitors can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience at the Bay of Fundy reverse waterfall.